Medieval Sake
2022-11-23

When the age of the aristocracy ended and samurais came to the forefront, major changes took place in the world of sake production. Homemade cloudy sake common up to that point gradually became obsolete and sake breweries emerged.
Also, copper coins were imported from trades with China during this time, when the traditional barter-based economy was replaced with a monetized economy. Therefore, commercial sake production increased according to documents, while many sake breweries referred to as “Dosou” lined the streets of Kyoto and doubled as a financial institution.
During the Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589 A.D.) leading into the Kamakura period (1185-1333), both the Imperial Court and the shogunate had financial difficulties that led to taxes imposed on sake. A document from the mid-Muromachi period (1336~1573) listed the names of over 300 sake breweries in the city of Kyoto.
Also, sake production flourished in Buddhist temples around this time. Sake produced in Buddhist temples by monks is referred to as “Soubousyu.” Produced and sold to raise profits, Soubousyu were required to be high-quality, thus sake production skills advanced greatly during this period.


中世の酒
貴族の時代が終り武士が台頭してきたころ、酒造りの世界でも大きな変化が起こり、それまで一般的だった自家製の濁酒が次第にすたれ造り酒屋が生まれて来た。
また、この時代には日宋貿易(にっそうぼうえき)により大陸から銅銭が輸入され従来の物々交換の経済から貨幣経済にとって代り大いに発達した。そのため商品としての酒の生産が増え、京では金融業を兼ねた「土倉」(どそう)と呼ばれる造り酒屋が数多く軒を連ねたことが文献に記されている。
鎌倉時代に続く南北朝時代には戦乱のため、朝廷・幕府共に財政難になり酒に税が掛けられるようになった。室町中期の文献には、京都市内で実に300軒余りの造り酒屋の名が記されている。
また、この頃寺院での酒造りも盛んになった。いわゆる「僧坊酒」(そうぼうしゅ)である。
僧坊酒も販売利益を目的としたため、良質の酒を造ることが必要で、この時期に僧坊酒によって酒造技術は大いに発達した。